Basics of Stock Market

A stock market is where we buy and sell shares, it is a common place to buy/sell shares at the best available prices. A stock market is not different from other markets, only difference is in the underlying commodity which is being traded. If a company need money they can either arrange it within them or go to public. If large amounts are needed, they need to issue an IPO, for which they need to approach SEBI for approvals.
A company which is making profits can giveback a part of it to the shareholders, which is called dividend. But need to remember that giving dividends or bonus are the prerogative of the companies, They can reinvest the amount also.
The stock exchanges have averages of companies to measure the overall market sentiments called NIFTY and Sensex of NSE and BSE respectively