The stock market is the place where the stocks are being traded.
If a business need huge capital they go to the public to get that capital.If an investor who invest in the business need his capital back. But company cannot return his capital. At stock market his shares are being traded.
For stocks, it is the original cost of the stock .
A dividend is a distribution of a portion of a company’s earnings, decided by the board of directors, to a class of its shareholders. Dividends can be issued as cash payments, as shares of stocks
Bonus shares are additional shares given to the current shareholders without any additional cost, based upon the number of shares that a shareholder owns.
When a company declares a stock split, the number of shares of that company increases, but the market cap remains the same. Existing shares split, but the underlying value remains the same